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  • MIMIC models (with formative and reflective manifest variables connected to a latent construct)

MIMIC Model

This is an example from chapter 13 of Schumacker and Lomax’s Beginner’s guide to SEM

The fitted model is as follows:

mimic model
mimic model

Not shown on this diagram is the fact that the variance of the formative variables (income, occupation, education) are fixed to 1 (the data input are a correlation matrix) (hat-tip to Andreas Maier for this!)

 require(sem)
 require(OpenMx)</p>
 
<pre><code># Often you will see data presented as a lower diagonal.
# the readMoments() function in the sem package is a nice helper to read this from the screen:
 
data = sem::readMoments(file = &quot;&quot;, diag = T)
1
.304 1
.305 .344   1
.100 .156 .158   1
.284 .192 .324 .360   1
.176 .136 .226 .210 .265  1
 
# terminates with an empty line: see ?readMoments for more help
 
# now letsfill in the upper triangle with a flipped version of the lower
data[upper.tri(data, diag=F)] = t(data)[upper.tri(data, diag=F)]
 
# Set up manifest variables
manifests = c(&quot;income&quot;, &quot;occup&quot;, &quot;educ&quot;, &quot;church&quot;, &quot;member&quot;, &quot;friends&quot;)
 
# Use these to create names for our dataframe
dimnames(data) = list(manifests, manifests)
 
# And latents
latents   = &quot;social&quot; # 1 latent, with three formative inputs, and three reflective outputs (each with residuals)
 
# Just to be helpful to myself, I've made lists of the formative sources, and the reflective receiver variables in this MIMIC model
receivers = manifests[4:6]
sources   = manifests[1:3]
 
MIMIC &lt;- mxModel(&quot;MIMIC&quot;, type=&quot;RAM&quot;,
    manifestVars = manifests,
    latentVars   = latents,
 
    # Factor loadings
    mxPath(from = sources , to = &quot;social&quot; , values),
    mxPath(from = &quot;social&quot;, to = receivers, values),
 
    # Correlated formative sources for F1, each with variance = 1
    mxPath(from = sources, connect = &quot;unique.bivariate&quot;, arrows = 2),
    mxPath(from = sources, arrows = 2, values = 1, free=F ),
 
    # Residual variance on receivers
    mxPath(from = receivers, arrows = 2),
    mxData(data, type = &quot;cov&quot;, numObs = 530)
)
MIMIC= mxRun(MIMIC); summary(MIMIC)

  free parameters:
     name matrix     row     col   Estimate   Std.Error lbound ubound
  1        A  social  income 0.13244947  5.51420454              
  2        A  social   occup 0.05701774  2.37389629              
  3        A  social    educ 0.19511219  8.12304135              
  4        A  church  social 0.60971866 25.38489597              
  5        A  member  social 1.28671307 53.56883563              
  6        A friends  social 0.86519046 36.02017596              
  7        S  income   occup 0.30399991  0.03764547              
  8        S  income    educ 0.30499977  0.03761111              
  9        S   occup    educ 0.34399974  0.03618180              
  10       S  church  church 0.96770471  0.05954356              
  11       S  member  member 0.85617184  0.05267749              
  12       S friends friends 0.93497178  0.05749125              
  
  observed statistics:  21 
  estimated parameters:  12 
  degrees of freedom:  9 
  -2 log likelihood:  2893.752 
  saturated -2 log likelihood:  2804.686 
  number of observations:  530 
  chi-square:  89.06589 
  p:  2.506216e-15 
  Information Criteria: 
      df Penalty Parameters Penalty Sample-Size Adjusted
  AIC   71.06589           113.0659                   NA
  BIC   32.61000           164.3404              126.249
  CFI: 0.7740255 
  TLI: 0.6233758 
  RMSEA:  0.1295581 
AttachmentSize
Image icon MIMIC.png29.38 KB
Binary Data MIMIC.R4.03 KB